Overview of pneumonia merck manuals professional edition. Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults worldwide. It is the leading infectious cause of hospitalization and death in the united states and exacts an enormous cost in economic and human terms. To reduce the misuse of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, and sidee. Guidance we have withdrawn this guideline during the covid19 pandemic. Physical or chemical injury to the lungs can also result in the condition.
In adults it is mostly caused by bacteria whereas in children and infants it is commonly due to viruses. The other bacteria which cause communityacquired pneumonia besides streptococcus pneumoniae are haemophilus infuenzae, staphylococcus. Individu yang mengidap acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, aids sering mengalami pneumonia yang pada orang normal sangat jarang terjadi yaitu pneumocystis carinii. Diagnosis and management of communityacquired pneumonia in. Pulmonary infections the two key decisions in initial empiric therapy are whether the patient has risk factors for healthcareassociated pneumonia, in which case the antibiotic guidelines for adult healthcareassociated pneumonia must be used. Latar belakang bronkopneumonia disebut juga pneumonia lobularis yaitu suatu peradangan pada parenkim paru.
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by infection. Makalah tentang virus corona covid 19 artikel pendidikan. Learn from pneumonia experts like unicef and frontiers. American lung associationmisalnya, menyebutkan hingga tahun 1936 pneumonia menjadi penyebabkematian nomor satu di amerika. Communityacquired pneumonia causes great mortality and morbidity and high costs worldwide. Oct 19, 2012 selain oleh pengaruh negatif faktor sosial ekonomi, budaya yang berperan terhadap kejadian malnutrisi umumnya, keseimbangan nitrogen yang negatif dapat pula disebabkan oleh diare kronik, malabsorpsi protein, hilangnya protein melalui air kemih sindrom nefrotik, infeksi menahun, luka bakar dan penyakit hati. Diagnosis and management of communityacquired pneumonia in adults richard r. Viral pneumonia does not require antibiotics instead antiviral medications are prescribed. Sebenarnya ada banyak artikel tentang contoh makalah yang lengkap, baik dan benar di internet, tapi mudahmudahan tulisan kali ini bisa membantu anda dengan menyajikan secara lebih detail bagaimana mudahnya menyusun makalah secara baik dan benar dengan berpedoman pada kerangka makalah yang meskipun bisa berbedabeda antara institusi tempat dimana anda belajar yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Danger signs yes refer to hospital give antibiotics. Namun, virus ini juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pernapasan berat, seperti infeksi paruparu pneumonia, middleeast respiratory syndrome mers, dan severe acute respiratory syndrome sars.
Acute respiratory infection and pneumonia in india. The incidence of nosocomial pneumonia is highest in icu. Unduh sebagai pdf, txt atau baca online dari scribd. Selain oleh pengaruh negatif faktor sosial ekonomi, budaya yang berperan terhadap kejadian malnutrisi umumnya, keseimbangan nitrogen yang negatif dapat pula disebabkan oleh diare kronik, malabsorpsi protein, hilangnya protein melalui air kemih sindrom nefrotik, infeksi menahun, luka bakar dan penyakit hati. Istilah hiv telah digunakan sejak 1986 coffin et al. Latar belakang pneumonia adalah proses infeksi akut yang mengenai. Pneumonia free download as powerpoint presentation. Pneumonia pada balita paling sering disebabkan oleh virus pernafasan dan. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, rather than a virus. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia disebabkan oleh suatu organisme yang disebut pneumocystis jirovecii. Introduction pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma distal to the terminal bronchiole, most commonly bacterial in nature, and associated with clinical andor radiological evidence of.
Empirical selection of antibiotic treatment is the cornerstone of management of patients with pneumonia. Introduction the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients was 10fold higher than nonventilated patients the reported crude mortality for hap is 30% to greater than 70%. Noveldi pitna 143010036 program studi ilmu keperawatan fakultas kesehatan universitas patria artha makasssar 20152016 2. Individuals with bacterial pneumonia are usually treated using antibiotics to cure the infection. Sometimes a person will have nausea, diarrhea, andor chest pain. Bab i pendahuluan pneumonia sebenarnya bukan penyakit baru. Annually, there are an estimated 120160 million clinical pneumonia. Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in the world and the sixth most common cause of death in the united states. Dari aspek penguasaan keilmuan maupun dari cara penyajiannya, penulis memiliki keterbatasan. It is the number one cause of death from infectious diseases in the united states.
Pengobatan pneumocystis pneumonia pada kasus ringan dapat ditatalaksana secara oral atau rawat jalan. American thoracic society documents 389 scopically or nonbronchoscopically, and can be cultured quantitatively or semiquantitatively. Ivpencillin very severe disease danger signs include cyanosis, convulsions, severe malnutrition, difficult to wake, not able to drink severe pneumonia assess for fast breathing. Although neisseria meningitidis is one of the major causes of meningitis, meningococcal pneumonia is the most common nonneurological organ disease caused by this pathogen. Know the complications of pneumonia in children and their appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Is an inflammatory process of the lung parenchyma that is commonly caused by infectious agents. Sebenarnya ada banyak artikel tentang contoh makalah yang lengkap, baik dan benar di internet, tapi mudahmudahan tulisan kali ini bisa membantu anda dengan menyajikan secara lebih detail bagaimana mudahnya menyusun makalah secara baik dan benar dengan berpedoman pada kerangka makalah yang meskipun bisa berbedabeda antara institusi tempat dimana anda belajar yang satu dengan yang. Management of communityacquired pneumonia in adults. Pada banyak kasus, virus ini hanya menyebabkan infeksi pernapasan ringan, seperti flu. Pneumonia mikoplasma, suatu pneumonia yang relatif sering dijumpai, disebabkan oleh suatu mikroorganisme yang berdasarkan beberapoa aspeknya, berada di antara bakteri dan virus. Management of communityacquired pneumonia in adults working group of the south african thoracic society 1. Occurring at least 48 hours after admission and not incubating at the time of hospitalization. Sedangkan pada kasus sedang hingga berat biasanya memerlukan perawatan di rumah sakit dan pemberian obat secara intravena. Lowe, cyprian muyodi, esther getambu, fergus gleeson and j. Latar belakang pneumonia adalah infeksi saluran pernafasan akut bagian bawah yang mengenai parenkim paru. According to the infectious disease society of america idsa, pneumonia is the sixth leading cause of death in the usa, with greater than 14% mortality among hospitalized patients. Saluran pernafasan dari hidung sampai bronkhus dilapisi oleh membran mukosa bersilia, udara yang masuk melalui rongga hidung disaring, dihangatkan dan dilembabkan. Makalah ini disusun sebagai syarat untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas mata kuliah sistem respirasi.
Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Initial work identifying the two common bacterial causes streptococcus pneumoniae and klebsiella pneumoniae was performed. May 31, 2017 oleh karena itu, pada makalah ini akan di bahas salah satu rute pemberian obat, yaitu rute pemberian obat secara parenteral, memberikan obat pada pasien dengan menginjeksinya ke dalam tubuh. For both types of pneumonia there is variation in care and areas of. Pneumonia is caused by a bacteria, virus or chemical. People with pneumonia often have a cough, fever or chills, difficulty breathing, low energy and poor appetite. Kematian balita karena pneumoni secara nasional diperkirakan 6 per balita per tahun atau sekitar 150. Lemonovich, md, university hospitals case medical center, cleveland, ohio c ommunityacquired pneumonia cap is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. Bacteria were first seen in the airways of individuals who died from pneumonia edwin klebs in 1875. Makalah farmakologi tentang prinsip pemberian obat makalah. Treatment of communityonset pneumonia in neutropenic cancer patients.
Communityacquired pneumonia patient education booklet. To identify, synthesize and summarize current evidence to guide scaling up of management of childhood acute. Pneumonia 15 pneumonia is a lung infection involving the lung alveoli air sacs and can be caused by microbes, including bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Berdasarkan faktor lingkungan f pneumonia komunitas f pneumonia. Contoh susunan makalah lengkap yang baik dan benar. Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat allah swt yang telah memberikan taufik dan rahmatnya sehingga memungkinkan penulis dapat menyelesaikan makalah ini dengan judul pneumonia. It is possible to have pneumonia without a cough or fever. Sep 16, 2019 we have withdrawn this guideline during the covid19 pandemic. It is thus distinguished from communityacquired pneumonia. Communityacquired pneumonia education booklet outpatient page 1 updated june 2009 what is pneumonia.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Pendahuluan pneumocystis jirovecii pneumoniamerupakan penyakit infeksi paru yang biasanya menyerang pasien dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang menurun. The pneumonia severity index should be used to assist in decisions regarding hospitalization of patients with cap. Baixe no formato docx, pdf, txt ou leia online no scribd. Makalah farmakologi tentang prinsip pemberian obat. Asuhan keperawatan pada klien dengan bronkopneumonia. Dec 20, 2012 asuhan keperawatan pada klien dengan bronkopneumonia 1. Pengobatan pneumocystis pneumonia tergantung pada berat ringannya penyakit. Signs of pneumonia breathing faster than normal or having trouble breathing pain.
Pemberian kemoterapi harus berdasarkan pentunjuk penemuan kuman penyebab infeksi hasil kultur spatum dan tes sensitivitas kuman terhadap antibodi. Pneumonia, antibiotics, child communityacquired pneumonia is the leading global cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Who memperkirakan kematian akibat pneumonia mencapai 10% 20% pertahun dari seluruh jumlah bila tidak diberi pengobatan2. Baixe no formato pdf, txt ou leia online no scribd. The study noted that the sensitivity and specifcity of wuh criteria was 78% and 65%, respectively. Pneumonia has been a common disease throughout human history. Asuhan keperawatan pada klien dengan bronkopneumonia 1. Initial diagnosis is usually based on chest xray and clinical findings. Bacterial the most common cause of pneumonia viral pneumonia fungal pneumonia chemical pneumonia ingestion of kerosene or inhalation of irritating substance inhalation pneumonia aspiration pneumonia. A ct scan can also show complications of pneumonia, abscesses or pleural effusions and enlarged lymph nodes. Use our covid19 rapid guidelines on managing suspected or confirmed pneumonia in adults in the community and antibiotics for pneumonia in adults in hospital.
Pneumonia is usually caused due to an infection with a bacteria, virus, fungi or parasite. Presentasi, makalah penelitian, dokumen legal, dan lainnya. The individual usually takes one to three weeks to recover. Causes, symptoms, treatment, preventive measures, and prognosis differ depending on whether the infection is bacterial, mycobacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic. Penyakit ini merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian pada penderita immunocompromised seperti pada penderita human. What pneumonia does when you have pneumonia your lungs are inflamed or infected. Treatment for pneumonia usually depends on the type of pneumonia, bacterial or viral. Uniquely positioned at the interface between respiratory medicine and infectious diseases, pneumonia is the only journal to focus exclusively on pneumonia. Introduction nosocomial pneumonia is the 2nd most common hospitalacquired infections after uti. Iv no assess for chest indrawing yes no refer to hospital give antibiotics. Diagnosis and treatment of communityacquired pneumonia.
Pneumonia is acute inflammation of the lungs caused by infection. Watkins, md, ms, akron general medical center, akron, ohio tracy l. Makalah farmakologi tentang prinsip pemberian obat asuhan keperawatan kesehatan. The second key factor that must be considered is the immune status of the patient. A ct scan also shows the airway trachea and bronchi in great detail and can help determine if pneumonia may be related to a problem within the airway. Unduh sebagai doc, pdf, txt atau baca online dari scribd. Pneumonia when you have pneumonia, the air sacs in the lungs fill with infection or mucus.
Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Signs of pneumonia breathing faster than normal or having trouble breathing pain in the chest when breathing or coughing. Symptoms may come on quickly or may worsen slowly over time. Unduh sebagai docx, pdf, txt atau baca online dari scribd. Contoh susunan makalah lengkap yang baik dan benar contoh. Nosocomial pneumonia is the leading cause of death from hospitalacquired infections. Makalah bakteri klebsiella pneumonia dedes tiya academia.
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